Deaths from heroin and opioid pain-killer overdoses increased sharply in 2014, by 14 percent, according to a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention report released on Friday. A map of drug overdose deaths by state (2013 and 2014) is available at http://www.cdc.gov/drugoverdose/data/statedeaths.html. The latest rate is almost three times the heroin overdose rate in 2010, the CDC said.
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Historically, CDC has programmatically characterized all opioid pain reliever deaths (natural and semisynthetic opioids, methadone, and other synthetic opioids) as “prescription” opioid overdoses.
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The CDC said “two distinct but interrelated trends” are visible in the data: a 15-year rise in prescription painkiller deaths and a more recent surge in heroin use and overdose deaths.
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Illicit fentanyl is also combined with heroin or sold as heroin, which might be contributing to the rise in overdose deaths from heroin as well, the researchers said.
“The opioid epidemic is devastating American families and communities”.
Some deaths involve more than one type of opioid; these deaths were included in the rates for each category (e.g., a death involving both a synthetic opioid and heroin would be included in the rates for synthetic opioid deaths and in the rates for heroin deaths). “This report also shows how important it is that law enforcement intensify efforts to reduce the availability of heroin, illegal fentanyl, and other illegal opioids”.
Rates went up in Alabama, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Hampshire, New Mexico, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania and Virginia.
And many of these overdoses are believed to involve illicitly-made fentanyl, the agency said.
The National Vital Statistics System multiple cause-of-death mortality files were used to identify drug overdose deaths. Providing health care professionals with additional tools and information-including safer guidelines for prescribing these drugs-can help them make more informed prescribing decisions.
“Although efforts to reduce reliance on opioids for the treatment of chronic pain did reduce abuse and death initially, that reduction is probably overwhelmed by the thousands of people who have already become dependent on opioids through pain treatment”, Ballantyne said.
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State and local public health agencies, medical examiners and coroners, and law enforcement agencies must work together to improve detection of and response to illicit opioid overdose outbreaks to address this emerging threat to public health and safety. “Their condition is likely to worsen as they age, they will need higher doses, and if they don’t get them from doctors they will turn to illicit sources which are even more unsafe”.
